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生态环境部、国家统计局、农业农村部等15个单位和部门联合于2017—2019年开展了第二次全国污染源普查工作。《第二次全国污染源普查公报》（以下简称《公报》）日前正式发布。6月10日，国新办举行新闻发布会，介绍《公报》有关情况。

第二次全国污染源普查标准时点是2017年12月31日，时期资料是2017年度，经历了前期准备、全面普查和总结发布三个阶段。

生态环境部副部长赵英民表示，“这次污染源普查，是对全面摸清建设美丽中国生态环境底数的一次重大国情调查，意义非常重大。普查摸清了全国各类污染源的基本情况，各类污染源的数量、结构和分布状况。”《公报》显示，2017年底，全国各类污染源数量是358.32万个（不含移动源），其中工业源247.74万个，生活源63.95万个，畜禽规模养殖场37.88万个，集中式污染治理设施8.4万个。

第一次全国污染源普查标准时点是2007年12月31日。与10年前相比，本次普查数据的变化，反映出过去10年我国大力推进生态文明建设所取得的成就。

“与第一次普查数据同口径相比，主要污染物排放量大幅下降。2017年，二氧化硫、化学需氧量、氮氧化物等污染物排放量比2007年分别下降了72%、46%和34%。”赵英民表示。

和2007年相比，全国造纸、钢铁、水泥等行业的产品产量分别增加61%、50%和71%，企业数量分别减少24%、50%和37%，造纸行业化学需氧量减少84%，钢铁行业二氧化硫减少54%，水泥行业氮氧化物减少23%。这说明产业结构调整成效显著，经济发展质量在提升，企业数量少了，但产能集中度高了，在产品产量增加的同时，污染物排放量在大幅度下降，单位产品排污量大幅下降。

2017年，工业企业废水处理、脱硫、除尘等设施数量分别是2007年的2.4倍、3.3倍和5倍，都是数倍于10年前污染治理设施的数量。和10年前相比，城镇污水处理厂的数量增加了5.4倍，处理能力增加了1.7倍，实际污水处理量增加了2.1倍。生活垃圾处置厂数量10年间增加了86%，危险废物集中利用处置厂数量增加了8.22倍。这显示，污染治理能力明显提升。

据介绍，本次普查形成了1800余张数据库表，1.5万余个数据字段，1.5亿多条数据记录，健全了重点污染源档案和污染源信息数据库，形成了第二次全国污染源普查“一张图”。

“通过普查，我们看到，一方面取得了很大的进步，另一方面也反映了几个问题。”赵英民表示，这些问题为下一步抓好生态环境保护工作、改善生态环境质量摸清了家底，指明了方向。我国生态环境治理体系和治理能力还需要进一步提高。

目前，普查成果已经广泛应用于污染防治攻坚战，为加强污染源监管、重点地区监督帮扶、排污许可证核发、环境风险排查、重大科技攻关项目等各项工作提供了基础支撑，为精准、科学、依法治污提供有力支撑。

Significant decline made due to nation's efforts to optimize industrial structures

China has seen vast reductions in emissions of major pollutants, in stark contrast with increased output in the industrial and agricultural sectors. Meanwhile, the country's pollutant disposal capabilities have been increasingly enhanced, according to the latest national census of pollution sources.

Villagers row a boat on Baiyangdian Lake in Xiongan New Area, Hebei province. [Photo/China Daily]

From 2007 to 2017, emissions of sulfur dioxide fell 72 percent, while emissions of chemical oxygen demand declined by 46 percent and oxynitride emissions decreased by 34 percent, Vice-Minister of Ecology and Environment Zhao Yingmin said at a news conference for the release of the Bulletin on the Second National Census of Pollution Sources.

"This shows the great achievements China has made in its pollution control campaign in recent years," he said at a news conference organized by the State Council Information Office.

Despite continuous increases in their output, major industrial sectors in the country have seen emissions of pollutants decline significantly thanks to the country's efforts to optimize industrial structures, he said.

While the output of the papermaking industry rose by 61 percent and steel industry output increased by 50 percent, the number of companies in the two sectors respectively decreased by 24 percent and 50 percent, he noted.

Meanwhile, emissions of chemical oxygen demand from the papermaking industry plummeted by 84 percent during the period, while discharges of sulfur dioxide from the steel industry dropped by 54 percent, he added.

"The quality of economic development in the 10 years has been greatly enhanced," he stressed.

He said the country's pollutant disposal capacity has also significantly intensified. Nationally, compared with the end of 2007, the number of facilities in industrial companies for industrial sewage disposal, desulfuration and dust extraction respectively increased by 1.4, 2.3 and four times in 2017.

Liao Xiyuan, head of technology and education at the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, also noted marked decreases in pollutant emissions in the agriculture sector during the period. Emissions of total nitrogen in the sector, for example, slumped by 48 percent as the grain yield increased from 500 million metric tons to 660 million metric tons.

Zhao said the census, which was conducted from 2017 to 2019, is of great significance for the country's efforts to win the campaign on pollution control and will offer strong support for China's environmental protection work.

"The results of the census show the ecological and environmental protection situation in the country. Especially, it reveals the latest and most comprehensive information on sectors, regions, industries and pollutants that should be key to the country's future ecological and environmental protection work," he said.

It shows, for example, that agriculture and domestic sources are major contributors to water pollution, and motor vehicles are major sources of oxynitride and volatile organic compounds. Different from traditional concentrated emissions, these sources pose greater challenges in terms of management and supervision, he said.

The census also showed that the environmental infrastructure in the country's rural and western areas still lags behind, and investment needs to be increased to address these problems, he continued.

He said the results of the census have been widely applied to serve the country's pollution control campaign. A database of almost 3.6 million pollution sources has been established and will support the country's efforts in enhancing pollution source management and environmental hazard screening.