近日，大自然保护协会（TNC）大中华区首席代表马晋红女士接受了Serica第一期的采访，双方讨论了中美慈善合作对环境保护的影响和未来前景。（采访内容已经编辑，以便阅读）

Serica是由媒体公司SupChina创办的非营利组织，旨在促进中美以及在美华人对慈善事业发展的关注和支持。

大自然保护协会（TNC）大中华区首席代表

马晋红女士

Serica: 这些年来，TNC在中国的工作与角色发生了哪些变化？对于中国的崛起，您认为公益慈善界的回应方式发生了怎样的转变？

马晋红：

TNC在中国开展项目已有23年时间。在最初的10年里，中国的角色主要是资金的接受者。转折点发生在2008年，也就是北京奥运年，这对中国来说是一个重要突破。2009年，TNC成立了大中华理事会；2011年，由TNC大中华理事会倡导成立了全球慈善基金（中国全球保护基金CGCF），在第一期的5年时间里支持了21个国际项目，这些全球项目主要分布在非洲和拉丁美洲。迄今为止，TNC在中国的工作受到广泛欢迎，我们能够与合作伙伴一起开展以科学为基础、以行动为导向的研究与实地示范，以及赋能工作和政策影响等，对中国的发展持续性地发挥作用。

Serica: 环境议题受到中国顶级慈善家关注的程度远远低于扶贫、教育和公共卫生等领域，您认为其中的原因是什么？在您看来，环保领域的慈善活动现在是否有好转的趋势?

马晋红：

环境保护资金不足是一个全球性现象，在美国也只有2%的慈善资金用于环境保护。不过，我们也看到了一些朝着积极方向变化的迹象。中国最新承诺到2060年前实现碳中和，使解决环境问题成为一个普遍目标。虽然距离实现这一目标还有近40年，但我们每个人都有责任从现在起就行动起来、做出贡献。归根结底，与气候相比，其他一切都“无关紧要”。我们的最基本任务是开展科学支持和科普教育，并将日常活动转化为服务于气候变化相关的保护工作。如果我们能够做到这些，那么那些捐赠者将有更大的动力与影响力。

Serica: 对于那些希望帮助应对气候变化的慈善家，您建议他们在起步阶段与哪些机构或项目开展合作？

马晋红：

可以先尝试与一些国际组织展开合作，比如TNC或IUCN。这些国际组织都在研究各种应对气候变化的策略，如谈判、政策倡导、社会经济转型、食物安全和环境保护等。我推荐我们的指南《为自然发声》（Speak Up For Nature），里面详细介绍了与同行谈论大自然和气候变化的步骤和技巧。联合国也有许多针对气候变化专业培训所开发的在线学习课程，例如UN CC: Learn。最后，我还推荐“倒计时”（Countdown）项目，这一全球性倡议由TED和Future Stewards提供支持，旨在倡导和加速应对气候危机。

Serica: 您在哪些具体领域看到了中美两国在应对气候变化和环境问题上的强力合作？

马晋红：

气候变化和环境保护问题一直是中美两国政府能够合作和分享想法、方法和技术体系的领域。近10年来，中美两国在国家和州一级的排污权交易十分活跃，尤其是在加利福尼亚州。举例来说，TNC利用其全球影响力将其美国加州项目、中国项目和加州-中国气候研究所联合起来，探寻在州一级开展合作的机会。

Serica: 在中美气候变化对话方面，您看到过哪些成功和富有建设性的例子？

马晋红：

实现成功对话的最重要例子是中美多次发表气候变化联合声明，对推进《巴黎协定》发挥了关键作用。这一进展涉及重要的合作步骤，为国际合作应对气候变化打下了良好基础。这个例子可以很好地说明中美两国政府合作的重要性和必要性。双边合作有助于促成全球承诺。成功的对话始于相互的意愿、理解和信任，合作的达成有赖于共同的目标和共同的议程。

摄影：Kevin Arnold

English Version

Serica: How has TNC’s engagement with China changed over the years and are you seeing a shift in the way that the philanthropic community has responded to China's rise?

Joyce Ma:TNC has been operating in China for 23 years. For the first decade, China had mostly been a recipient of funds. The tipping point happened in 2008, the year of the Beijing Olympics, which was a breakthrough for China, when China was really able to stand on both feet. In 2009, TNC founded the China Board and in 2011, Jack Ma, our then-Board Chair, started a global philanthropic fund (CGCF) to support not only domestic initiatives but 21 global projects, mostly in Africa and Latin America, over five years. TNC is, to this day, well-received in China and we are able to leverage partners in our network to carry out action-driven research, science-based demonstration, enabling work and policy impact to play a more continuous role for development in China.

Serica: Domestically, the environment has lagged considerably behind poverty alleviation, education, and public health, as charitable causes for China's top philanthropists. What do you see as some of the reasons for this underweighting and are there positive trends that you see as turning around philanthropic engagement with the environmental sector?

Joyce Ma:Underfunding of the environment is a global phenomenon, as only 2% of total philanthropic funding in the U.S. goes to environmental issues. However, there are some positive signs. China's latest commitment to be carbon neutral by 2060 makes environmental issues a universal target. We still have 40 years before we reach this goal, but we each individually have a responsibility to act now to contribute. At the end of the day, compared to climate, everything else is irrelevant. Our basic mission is to conduct scientific support and public education, and convert daily activities into protection serviced to climate. If we are able to achieve these outcomes, donors will have more of a reach and impact.

Serica: For philanthropists looking to make the most impact on climate change, what organizations or causes would you recommend that they start?

Joyce Ma:There are a number of international organizations to start with, including TNC and the International Union for Conservation and Nature (IUCN). All of these organizations are working on various tactics to address climate change, such as negotiation, policy advocacy, social economic transformation, food security, and environmental conservation. I would recommend our guide Speak Up For Nature, which details steps and tips to talk about nature and climate change with your colleagues. At the UN level, there are a number of online learning courses developed for professional training on climate change, such as UN CC: Learn. Finally, I’d also recommend visiting Countdown, a global initiative to champion and accelerate solutions to the climate crises powered by TED and Future Stewards.

Serica: What are some specific areas in which you've seen strong U.S.-China collaboration on climate change and the environment?

Joyce Ma:Historically, climate change and the environment have been areas where our two governments have been able to cooperate and share ideas, approaches, and technical systems. In the last 10 years, emission trading on the national and state level between China and the U.S. have been active, especially in California. For instance, TNC takes advantage of its global presence, and brings together its California Chapter, its China team, and the California-China Climate Institute to explore opportunities to collaborate on the state level.

Serica:What are some examples you've seen of successful and constructive dialogue between the U.S. and China on climate change?

Joyce Ma:The most important example of dialogue was the U.S.-China Joint Presidential Statement on Climate Change. Its release played a key role in advancing the Paris Agreement. The process involved important steps of cooperation and laid a good foundation for international efforts on combating climate change. This is a good example to show the significance of our two governments working together. Bilateral cooperation could bring out global commitment. Successful dialogues start with mutual will, understanding, and trust. It takes common goals and a shared agenda for them to be effective.