中国环境与发展国际合作委员会（国合会）设立了全球绿色价值链专题政策研究项目，旨在全球产业转移、贸易形式与政策变化背景下，探讨中国在全球价值链绿色转型和重塑中发挥的作用，为中国推动全球价值链绿色转型和重塑提供明确、具体、可操作的政策建议和路线图。

The CCICED has initiated a Special Policy Study (SPS) on Global Green Value Chains to explore China's role in the greening and reshaping of global value chains in the context of global industrial shift, trade patterns and policy changes, and provide clear, specific, actionable policy recommendations and roadmap on how China can fuel the green transition and reshaping of global value chains.

国合会委员、溢达集团董事长杨敏德女士担任专题中方组长；国合会特邀顾问、世界资源研究所副主席巴布纳先生担任专题外方组长。

Ms. Marjorie YANG, CCICED Member and Chairman of Esquel Group is the Chinese Team Leader, while Mr. Manish Bapna, CCICED Special Advisor and Executive Vice President and Managing Director of World Resources Institute serves as the International Team Leader of the SPS.

2020年1月16日中国日报刊登了对世界资源研究所执行副主席Manish Bapna的专访《China can lead global green trade drive》。

Manish Bapna

CCICED Special Advisor

Manish Bapna is the Executive Vice President and Managing Director of the World Resources Institute.

As we approach the Year of the Rat and begin a new 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, three profound challenges face the world: how to build a more stable and efficient trading system, tackle climate change, and protect biodiversity.

随着鼠年临近，新一轮十二生肖循环即将开始。此刻，全球面临三个重大挑战：如何构建更加稳定和高效的贸易体系，如何应对气候变化，如何保护生物多样性。

China has a pivotal role to play in all three. As the world's second-largest economy, China's evolving trade relations, especially with the United States, have huge global economic implications. As one of the world's largest greenhouse gas emitters, China's actions will be carefully monitored as countries are scheduled to meet in Glasgow, Scotland, in November for the next major international climate conference. And as host of the most important international conference on biodiversity in decades, China is expected to make concrete commitments to move this agenda forward. What may be less apparent is that the three challenges are interlinked.

在应对上述三大挑战方面，中国具有重要作用。中国是全球第二大经济体，贸易关系（尤其是中美贸易关系）迅速发展，对全球产生巨大的经济影响；今年11月，新一届国际气候大会将在苏格兰格拉斯哥举行，作为全球最大的温室气体排放国之一，中国的一举一动将备受瞩目；中国即将主办数十年来最为重要的国际生物多样性大会，各国期待中国做出具体承诺推动生物多样性议程。容易忽略的是，上述三大挑战实际是相互关联的。

One bold response to all three is for China to make its supply chains more environmentally and socially sustainable, especially for agricultural commodities such as soy, beef, palm oil and timber.

面对三大挑战，中国可采取大胆应对措施：提高供应链的环保性和社会可持续性，尤其是在大豆、牛肉、棕榈油和木材等农产品方面。

Why is this important?

这一举措为何重要？

Global demand for these commodities, often sourced from tropical countries, is surging as population and affluence increase. This is causing significant forest loss and degradation: roughly 40 percent of tropical deforestation over the past decade is a result of expansion in agriculture. This loss of forest cover, along with the impact of other agriculture production and land use, in turn, contributes about 23 percent to global greenhouse gas emissions.

这些商品通常从热带国家采购，随着全球人口和财富的增长，这些商品的全球需求也在不断激增，从而造成了严重的森林流失和退化：过去10年中，约40%的热带毁林原因归结于农业扩张。森林面积流失、其他农业生产和土地使用影响产生的温室气体排放占全球排放总量的23%。

A stable climate is not the only casualty. One million animal and plant species are now threatened with extinction, more than ever before in human history, according to a 2019 UN report. The climate and Earth's living web of nature are the planet's "operating systems", and their disruption poses massive threats to human well-being and development.

温室气体排放不仅破坏了稳定的气候。2019年联合国报告指出，100万个动植物物种正濒临灭绝，数量超过了人类历史上任何时期。气候和地球的自然生命网是地球的“运转系统”，一旦遭到破坏，就会对人类福祉和发展构成巨大威胁。

Sustainable production of commodities depends on the ecosystem services that a healthy environment provides, including soil formation and retention, water quantity and quality, and natural pest controls. Deforestation can disrupt these vital processes and impede production. So it is in China's interest to invest in commodity supply chains that are stable and sustainable over the long run, and China's government agencies and businesses are currently considering how to move in this direction.

可持续的商品生产依赖于健康环境提供的生态系统服务，包括土壤形成和保持、水量和水质、自然害虫防控等。毁林会破坏上述重要进程并阻碍生产。同时，对具有长期稳定性和可持续性的商品供应链进行投资也符合中国利益。中国政府部门和企业正在考虑如何朝这一方向行动。

Why China?

为何中国发挥重要作用？

Nearly two years ago, China integrated the concepts of "ecological civilization" and "a community of shared future for mankind" into its Constitution. It can now bring these concepts to life by focusing on its supply chains. As the world's largest importer of soybean, timber and beef, China's motivation to shift decisively toward greening its supply chains is both economic and political.

大约两年前，中国将“生态文明”和“人类命运共同体”的理念写入宪法。现在，中国通过大力关注供应链建设，将为上述理念注入真正的生命。中国是全球最大的大豆、木材和牛肉进口国，对于中国而言，迅速建设绿色供应链具有经济和政治双重效益。

First, the economic argument. Consumer preferences in China and around the world are rapidly changing toward more sustainable commodities. Many governments are adopting more stringent environmental standards for imports of commodities.

首先，经济原因。中国和全球消费者的偏好正迅速转向更具可持续性的商品。许多政府已对进口商品采取更加严格的环保标准。

Businesses and investors are also embracing sustainability criteria, recognizing that conducting business as usual is not in their self-interest. For example, theNew York Declaration on Forests and the Tropical Forest Alliance bring together national and subnational governments, multinational companies, indigenous community groups and non-governmental organizations with the aim to halt deforestation.

企业和投资者也在接受可持续性标准，认识到按常规模式经营不符合自身利益。例如，纽约森林宣言（the New York Declaration on Forest）和热带森林联盟(Tropical Forest Alliance）以停止毁林为目标，汇集了国家及地方政府、跨国公司、原著社区团体和非政府组织等各方力量。

The Consumer Goods Forum, an international business group with some 400 members, has resolved to achieve net-zero deforestation.

消费品论坛（Consumer Goods Forum）是一个拥有约400名会员的国际商业团体，已决心实现净零毁林目标。

This creates a risk for countries and companies not able to respond nimbly to these changing policies and attitudes, while offering an exciting market opportunity for those able to demonstrate that their procurement or production of commodities is green.

对于那些无法对政策和态度变化作出敏捷反应的国家和企业而言，这一挑战构成了风险；而对于能够展示其商品采购和生产符合环保要求的国家和企业而言，这一挑战却带来了令人兴奋的市场机遇。

Timber is a case in point. In 2008, the US amended its laws to ban the trade of illegally sourced wood, while in the last decade, the European Union, Australia, Japan and the Republic of Korea have adopted similar legislation. China can get ahead of this wave by ensuring the timber and other commodities it procures are legal and thus promote its economic interests.

以木材为例。2008年，美国修改了法律，禁止对非法采购的木材进行贸易，过去十年，欧盟、澳大利亚、日本和韩国也制定了类似法律。中国可以赶超这一潮流，确保其采购的木材和其他商品具有合法性，以此提升经济利益。

Second, the political argument. At a time when the international community is looking for leadership, greening value chains could generate significant political dividends for China. This stance can help position China positively in support of global environment and development agreements, including around the sustainable development goals, climate change, and biodiversity. The reputational upside for China to move in this direction should not be underestimated.

其二，政治原因。当前国际社会正在寻求新的领导力，此时建设绿色价值链可为中国创造巨大的政治红利。这一姿态有助于帮助中国积极定位，支持可持续发展目标、气候变化、生物多样性等全球环境和发展协议。中国将从中获得巨大的口碑效应，这点不容低估。

China is in a position to make a meaningful difference on these issues, advancing its own interests while at the same time promoting the concept of an ecological civilization globally.

中国有能力在应对上述挑战方面发挥巨大作用，在推进自身利益的同时，在全球推广生态文明理念。

There are steps China can take relatively easily including adjusting policy and legal measures to incentivize greener supply chains; integrating green criteria into trade, investment and finance; and using its growing development assistance portfolio to assist countries producing these commodities in achieving their own greening objectives. China's economic power means that steps to green its value chains will encourage other countries to do the same.

中国也可采取一些相对容易的措施，包括调整政策和法律措施，激励建设更加环保的供应链；将绿色标准融入贸易、投资和金融；通过不断扩大的发展援助项目帮助其他国家生产上述商品，实现自身的环保目标。中国拥有巨大的经济实力，这就意味着中国建设绿色价值链的措施将激励其他国家纷纷效仿。

In 2020, China has several opportunities to demonstrate its growing global leadership on pressing environmental challenges. This is going to be a big year for China and the world. It demands big ideas from all of us.

2020年，中国将有很多机遇去展示其在应对紧迫环境挑战方面不断增长的全球领导力。对于中国和世界而言，2020年意义重大，也需要我们每个人贡献大智慧。